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A 58-year-old female smoker with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis is on ipratropium bromide and albuterol inhalers, and hydrocodone-acetaminophen. She presents with respiratory distress for 2 days accompanied by increased thick, yellow sputum production, low grade fever, and increasing confusion. On examination she is mildly obtunded but arousable, BP 160/100, pulse 115/min, RR 30/min, O2 saturation 84% on her usual 3 L/min nasal cannula oxygen. She is using accessory muscles to breath, has diffuse wheezing and rhonchi bilaterally, a prolonged expiratory phase, distant but regular heart sounds, and no peripheral edema.Arterial blood gases (ABGs) on arrival are as follows:pH: 7.20,PO2: 70 mm HgPCO2: 65 mm Hgcalculated HCO3 29 mEq/L.Electrolytes return shortly thereafter as follows:Na: 140 mEq/LK: 5.1 mEq/LHCO3: 29 mEq/LCl: 100 mEq/LBUN 20 mg/dL creatinine 1.5 mg/dLglucose 89 mg/dL.After prompt initiation of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (Bi-pap), blood cultures, toxicology screen, intravenous fluids, and IV antibiotics, you have time to consider the patient's metabolic situation. Choose the answer which best describes the acid-base condition and its etiology.
The patient has acute, severe respiratory acidosis caused by the sudden deterioration in her respiratory status.
The patient has an underlying metabolic acidosis caused by her renal insufficiency now compounded by a respiratory alkalosis.
The patient ingested abundant amounts of aspirin which caused a severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure.
The patient has a baseline chronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation, now with a superimposed further respiratory acidosis caused by decreased ventilation.
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