20% of epithelial cells) on microscopy. Clue cells are identified as numerous stippled or granulated epithelial cells. This appearance is caused by the adherence of G vaginalis organisms to the edges of the vaginal epithelial cells. Vaginal pH >4.5 Decrease in lactobacillus, small gram-variable rods, or curved gram-variable rods in gram-stained smear. Ref: Bornstein J. (2013). Chapter 39. Benign Disorders of the Vulva & Vagina. In A.H. DeCherney, L. Nathan, N. Laufer, A.S. Roman (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e.">