Which of the following is true in cretinism –
**Core Concept**
Cretinism is a congenital condition caused by severe deficiency of thyroid hormones during fetal development and early childhood. It results from mutations in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) or thyroid hormone synthesis genes, leading to hypothyroidism.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cretinism is characterized by stunted growth, developmental delays, and intellectual disability. The condition is associated with a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient amounts of these hormones, leading to decreased cell metabolism, growth, and development. This results in characteristic physical features, such as a large head, short neck, and stunted limbs.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not provided, or it is incomplete. Please provide the remaining options for a thorough explanation.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Cretinism is a preventable condition through early diagnosis and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Prompt initiation of treatment can significantly improve growth, development, and intellectual function in affected individuals.
**Correct Answer:** Not provided. Please provide the remaining options for a complete explanation.