Type of inheritance of Tuberous sclerosis is?
**Core Concept**
Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of non-cancerous tumors in various parts of the body, including the skin, brain, kidneys, and other organs. The disorder is caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The inheritance pattern of tuberous sclerosis is autosomal dominant. This means that a single copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. Individuals with a family history of tuberous sclerosis or those who have a first-degree relative with the disorder are at a higher risk of inheriting the mutated gene. The TSC1 and TSC2 genes are tumor suppressor genes, and their mutations lead to the uncontrolled growth of cells, resulting in the formation of tumors.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because autosomal recessive inheritance would require two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the disorder, which is not the case with tuberous sclerosis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because X-linked dominant inheritance would imply that the mutated gene is located on the X chromosome and affects males and females differently, which is not the case with tuberous sclerosis.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because mitochondrial inheritance would imply that the mutated gene is located in the mitochondria, which is not the case with tuberous sclerosis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Tuberous sclerosis is a classic example of a genetic disorder with a high degree of penetrance, meaning that individuals with the mutated gene are highly likely to express the disorder. This highlights the importance of genetic counseling for families with a history of the disorder.
**Correct Answer: C. Autosomal dominant inheritance.**