**Core Concept**
Streptococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative bacteria that are commonly found in the human respiratory tract and can cause various infections, ranging from mild to life-threatening.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the ability of certain Streptococcus species to cause post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), a form of kidney inflammation. This occurs due to the deposition of immune complexes containing antigens from the streptococcal cell wall, particularly the M protein, and antibodies produced in response to the infection. The M protein's ability to evade phagocytosis and the presence of nephritogenic strains (e.g., Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus) contribute to the pathogenesis of PSGN.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the correct relationship between Streptococcus and PSGN.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a general statement about Streptococcus and does not address the specific condition of PSGN.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it mentions group B Streptococcus, which is primarily associated with neonatal infections and not PSGN.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The M protein on the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus) is a crucial virulence factor that helps the bacteria evade phagocytosis through its ability to inhibit complement deposition and opsonization.

**Correct Answer: D.**