**Core Concept**
The thyroid gland is a radiosensitive organ that can be exposed to ionizing radiation from various sources, including medical imaging modalities like panoramic radiography. The thyroid dose is a measure of the radiation absorbed by the thyroid gland during such procedures.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The thyroid dose from panoramic radiography is estimated to be around 10-20 μSv (microsieverts) per examination. This is due to the fact that the thyroid gland is located in the neck region, which is close to the x-ray beam used in panoramic radiography. The thyroid gland absorbs a significant amount of radiation from the x-ray beam, resulting in a relatively high dose. The thyroid dose can be influenced by various factors, including the x-ray beam energy, exposure time, and patient thyroid gland size.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is too low. The thyroid dose from panoramic radiography is generally higher than 5 μSv.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is too high. While the thyroid dose from panoramic radiography can be significant, it is not typically as high as 100 μSv.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a commonly cited estimate of the thyroid dose from panoramic radiography.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the thyroid dose from panoramic radiography can be reduced by using a lead thyroid shield or by adjusting the x-ray beam energy and exposure time. This is particularly important for patients who have a history of thyroid cancer or are at high risk of developing thyroid cancer.

**Correct Answer:** D. 10-20 μSv