**Core Concept**
The question is testing the understanding of the basic principle of sterilization using hot air ovens, which is a widely used method for sterilizing medical equipment and supplies. The hot air oven works by using dry heat to kill microorganisms, and the temperature and time required for effective sterilization are critical parameters.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and other regulatory agencies recommend a temperature of 160°C (320°F) for a holding period of 20 minutes for sterilization using hot air ovens. This temperature is sufficient to denature proteins and disrupt the cell membranes of microorganisms, ultimately leading to their death. The holding period of 20 minutes ensures that all microorganisms are effectively killed, and the equipment is properly sterilized.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because the temperature specified is too low to effectively sterilize equipment. Microorganisms may not be killed at temperatures below 160°C, and the equipment may not be properly sterilized.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because the temperature specified is too high, which can cause damage to certain equipment and supplies. While high temperatures can be effective for sterilization, they can also lead to degradation of materials and equipment.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because the temperature specified is not a standard recommendation for hot air oven sterilization. The temperature and time required for effective sterilization can vary depending on the specific equipment and supplies being sterilized.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When using hot air ovens for sterilization, it's essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommended temperatures and times to ensure effective sterilization and prevent damage to equipment and supplies.

**Correct Answer:** B. 180°C (356°F)