**Core Concept**
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a congenital disorder resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, characterized by growth restriction, facial abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental impairments. The pathophysiology involves disruption of normal fetal development due to the toxic effects of ethanol on the developing brain and organs.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The features of FAS include growth restriction, characteristic facial abnormalities (such as short palpebral fissures, thin upper lip, and flat philtrum), and neurodevelopmental impairments (including cognitive, behavioral, and attention deficits). These effects are thought to result from the inhibition of fetal brain growth and development, particularly in areas responsible for cognitive and motor function.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Growth restriction is a hallmark feature of FAS, so this option is incorrect.
**Option B:** Facial abnormalities, including short palpebral fissures and thin upper lip, are characteristic features of FAS, making this option incorrect.
**Option C:** Neurodevelopmental impairments are a key component of FAS, affecting cognitive, behavioral, and attention functions, so this option is incorrect.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a preventable condition, and the most effective way to prevent it is for pregnant women to abstain from alcohol entirely. Even moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to adverse fetal outcomes, highlighting the importance of complete avoidance during pregnancy.

**Correct Answer:** D.