True about Ludwig’s angina-a) Involves both submandibular and sublingual spacesb) Most common cause is dental infectionc) Bilaterald) Spreads by lymphatics
**Core Concept**
Ludwig's angina is a severe infection of the neck, characterized by a rapidly spreading cellulitis involving the submandibular and sublingual spaces. This condition often occurs in the context of dental infections.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves both submandibular and sublingual spaces, which are anatomically adjacent and communicate with each other through the mylohyoid muscle. This communication allows the infection to spread rapidly between the two spaces, leading to the characteristic presentation of Ludwig's angina. The involvement of these spaces is a hallmark of this condition, which can lead to severe airway compromise if not promptly treated.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option B:** While dental infections are a common cause of Ludwig's angina, they are not the most common cause. Other sources, such as tonsillitis or pharyngitis, can also contribute to the development of this condition.
* **Option C:** Ludwig's angina can be unilateral, although it often presents bilaterally. The infection can spread to the contralateral side through the lymphatic system or through direct extension.
* **Option D:** Ludwig's angina does not typically spread through the lymphatic system. The infection spreads through direct extension from the primary site of infection, usually a dental infection.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Ludwig's angina is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent airway compromise. The condition is often associated with a high risk of mortality if not treated promptly and aggressively.
**Correct Answer: A. Involves both submandibular and sublingual spaces**