**Core Concept**
Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by the excessive production of aldosterone, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte and water balance in the body. The excessive production of aldosterone leads to an increase in sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, resulting in hypertension and hypokalemia.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of primary hyperaldosteronism. The excessive production of aldosterone leads to an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys. This results in an increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Additionally, the excessive excretion of potassium leads to hypokalemia. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is also activated, leading to further vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Metabolic acidosis is not typically seen in primary hyperaldosteronism. Instead, the condition often leads to metabolic alkalosis due to the excessive excretion of hydrogen ions.

**Option B:** Hypercalcemia is not a characteristic feature of primary hyperaldosteronism. However, hypernatremia and hypokalemia are common.

**Option C:** Hyperuricemia is not directly related to primary hyperaldosteronism. While it can be seen in some cases of hypertension, it is not a hallmark of this condition.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Primary hyperaldosteronism is often associated with a low plasma renin activity due to the negative feedback mechanism of aldosterone on the RAAS.

**Correct Answer:** D. Hypokalemia and hypertension.