For DNA test, liquid blood is preserved in: Karnataka 07; DNB 09; UP 10; NEET 13, 14
## **Core Concept**
The question tests the knowledge of preserving liquid blood for DNA testing. DNA preservation requires preventing degradation of DNA by cells' enzymatic processes.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid)**, is a chelating agent that binds to calcium ions, which are essential for the coagulation cascade and enzymatic activity. By chelating calcium, EDTA prevents clotting and inhibits cellular enzymes like DNase, thereby preserving DNA.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A: Citrate**: While citrate is used as an anticoagulant, it chelates calcium but is primarily used for coagulation studies rather than DNA preservation.
* **Option B: Heparin**: Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by activating antithrombin III but is not typically used for DNA preservation because it can interfere with PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) reactions.
* **Option D: ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)**: ACD is used as an anticoagulant for blood banking and some research applications but is not the preferred choice for DNA preservation.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
For DNA analysis, blood samples are usually collected in tubes containing **EDTA**, as it effectively prevents DNA degradation. This is crucial in forensic and genetic testing where high-quality DNA is required.
## **Correct Answer:** . EDTA.