**Core Concept**
Senile plaques, also known as amyloid plaques, are abnormal protein deposits that accumulate in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and death. This is a hallmark feature of a specific neurodegenerative disorder.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides in the brain, which form insoluble fibrils and deposit as senile plaques. This process triggers an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage, ultimately leading to cognitive decline. The presence of senile plaques is a diagnostic feature of Alzheimer's disease, distinguishing it from other neurodegenerative disorders.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system, not by the accumulation of amyloid plaques.
**Option B:** Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, not by the presence of senile plaques.
**Option D:** Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder that leads to copper accumulation in the liver and brain, causing liver disease and neurological symptoms, but it is not associated with senile plaques.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 60-80% of cases. Early recognition and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease are crucial for providing appropriate care and support to patients and their families.

**✓ Correct Answer: C. Alzheimer's disease**