All of the following are associated with placental abruption, EXCEPT:
**Core Concept**
Placental abruption, also known as placental separation, is a serious pregnancy complication where the placenta partially or completely separates from the uterus. This condition can lead to fetal growth restriction, premature birth, and even maternal and fetal mortality.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Placental abruption is often associated with conditions that increase maternal-fetal conflict, such as hypertension, coagulopathy, and uteroplacental insufficiency. These conditions can cause the placenta to separate from the uterus due to the increased maternal blood pressure and the formation of thrombi within the placental vessels.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** **Maternal cocaine use** is actually associated with an increased risk of placental abruption. Cocaine use can cause vasoconstriction and lead to placental ischemia, increasing the risk of abruption.
* **Option B:** **History of previous uterine surgery** is a known risk factor for placental abruption. Previous uterine surgery, such as a cesarean section, can lead to adhesions and scarring within the uterus, increasing the risk of placental abruption.
* **Option C:** **Pre-existing uterine anomalies** are associated with an increased risk of placental abruption. Uterine anomalies can lead to abnormal placental implantation and increased maternal-fetal conflict, increasing the risk of abruption.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to recognize that placental abruption is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
**Correct Answer:** D