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50005 Pathology

A 45-year-old woman presents with a 4-month history of severe headaches and pain and blanching of the hands upon exposure to cold. She is a nonsmoker. Over the past 6 months, she has noticed progressive difficulty in swallowing solid food. Physical examination reveals smooth and tight skin over the face and fingers. The serologic test for anti-Scl-70 (anti topoisomerase) is positive. Painful hands in this patient are best described using which of the following terms?

AChilblains
BHomans' sign
CIntermittent claudication
DRaynaud phenomenon
Pathology
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50008 Anatomy

A 38-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cholecystitis and gallbladder stones. During cholangiography, the catheter is inserted with difficulty into the gallbladder. Which of the following structures is most likely to interfere with the passage of the catheter into the cystic duct?

ACystic duct compression by a hepatic artery
BSpiral valve (of Heister)
CTortuosity of the cystic duct
DAdhesions from the hepatoduodenal ligament
Anatomy
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