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175834 Pediatrics

A–13–year old boy is referred for evaluation of nocturnal enuresis and short stature. His blood pressure is normal. The hemoglobin level is 8g/dl.urea 112 mg/dl, creatinine 6 mg/dl, sodium 119 mEq/ dl, potassium 4 mEq/l, calcium 7 mg/dl, phosphate 6 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase 300 U/I. Urinalysis shows trace proteinuria with hyaline casts; no red and white cells are seen. Ultrasound shows bilateral small kidneys and the micturating cystourethrogram is normal. The most likely diagnosis is –

AAlport's syndrome
BMedullary sponge kidney.
CChronic glomerulonephritis.
DNephronophthisis
Pediatrics
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175841 Pathology

An 11-year-old girl becomes infected with hepatitis A and experiences mild nausea for 1 week. On physical examination, she has minimal right upper quadrant tenderness and scleral icterus. Laboratory findings include a serum AST of 68 U/L, ALT of 75 U/L, and total bilirubin of 5.1 mg/dL. Her laboratory findings most likely result from which of the following changes in her hepatocytes?

ACell membrane defects
BLysosomal autophagy
CMitochondrial swelling
DNuclear chromatin clumping
Pathology
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