In acute congestive glaucoma, pupil is –
**Core Concept**
Acute congestive glaucoma, also known as acute angle-closure glaucoma, is a medical emergency characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). This condition occurs when the iris becomes apposed to the trabecular meshwork, blocking the outflow of aqueous humor and leading to a rapid rise in IOP.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In acute congestive glaucoma, the pupil is mid-dilated and non-reactive due to the iris being pushed forward by the increased IOP. This forward displacement of the iris causes it to appose the trabecular meshwork, leading to a blockage of the aqueous humor outflow and a subsequent increase in IOP. The mid-dilation of the pupil is a result of the iris being pushed forward, causing the sphincter pupillae to be stretched and become non-reactive to light.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because in acute congestive glaucoma, the pupil is not typically constricted.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because in acute congestive glaucoma, the pupil is not typically constricted and non-reactive; it is mid-dilated.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because in acute congestive glaucoma, the pupil is not typically constricted and non-reactive; it is mid-dilated.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical feature of acute congestive glaucoma is a mid-dilated pupil that is non-reactive to light. This finding is often accompanied by severe eye pain, blurred vision, and a red, painful eye.
**Correct Answer:** B. Mid-dilated and non-reactive.