## Core Concept
The question tests knowledge of viral pathogenesis, specifically the routes of spread within a host. **Hematogenous spread** refers to the dissemination of viruses through the bloodstream, while **neural spread** involves the virus traveling through neurons. Understanding these routes is crucial for comprehending viral infections and their potential complications.

## Why the Correct Answer is Right
Rabies virus is known to spread through both **hematogenous** and **neural routes**. Initially, after a bite, the rabies virus enters the wound and infects local muscle cells. It then replicates and travels to the **peripheral nervous system** (PNS), specifically infecting neurons. Once in the PNS, the virus travels **centripetally** (towards the center) to the **central nervous system (CNS)**, which is an example of neural spread. Additionally, the virus can also spread through the bloodstream (hematogenous spread) to other tissues, including salivary glands, which leads to its excretion in saliva.

## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** While certain viruses primarily use the hematogenous route for dissemination, the question specifically asks for a virus that uses both hematogenous and neural routes. Without specifying, it's hard to directly refute, but typically, viruses like HIV primarily spread hematogenously.
- **Option B:** This option is incorrect because, although some viruses may use neural routes (like herpesviruses), they might not typically use both routes as effectively or characteristically as the rabies virus does.
- **Option C:** This option would be incorrect based on the specifics of viral pathogenesis not aligning with both hematogenous and neural spread as characteristic features.

## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that **rabies virus** is a classic example of a virus that travels through neurons (neural route) to reach the CNS. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies, which includes wound cleaning, vaccination, and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin, is critical to prevent the establishment of infection. A delay in seeking medical attention can lead to the virus reaching the CNS, which is almost invariably fatal.

## Correct Answer: D. Rabies.