In DIC, which is/are seen -a) Normal APTTb) Increased PTc) Increased factor VIII d) Decreased fibrinogene) Decreased platelets
**Core Concept**
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex clinical disorder characterized by both widespread clotting and bleeding due to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors. It is often triggered by severe trauma, sepsis, or malignancy, leading to a disruption in the normal hemostatic balance.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In DIC, the coagulation cascade is activated, resulting in the formation of microthrombi throughout the microcirculation. This leads to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, including fibrinogen. As a result, the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) are often prolonged, reflecting the impaired coagulation function. Additionally, the fibrinogen level may be decreased due to its consumption in forming microthrombi.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Normal APTT is incorrect because DIC is characterized by prolonged APTT due to the consumption of coagulation factors.
* **Option C:** Increased factor VIII is incorrect because factor VIII is often decreased in DIC due to its consumption in the coagulation cascade.
* **Option D:** Decreased fibrinogen is incorrect because fibrinogen is consumed in forming microthrombi, but it is not a specific or sensitive marker for DIC. However, decreased fibrinogen levels may be seen in some cases of DIC.
* **Option E:** Decreased platelets is correct but not the best option as the question asks for "which is/are seen" and decreased platelets is a consequence of DIC, not a direct result of the condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with DIC, a low fibrinogen level (<150 mg/dL) and a prolonged PT and APTT are associated with a higher risk of bleeding and a worse prognosis.
**Correct Answer:** E. Decreased platelets