Congenital heart lesion(s) in rubella are – a) VSD b) ASDc) PDAd) Pulmonary stenosis
**Core Concept**
Rubella infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is characterized by a spectrum of cardiac, auditory, ophthalmological, and neurological abnormalities. Congenital heart defects are a common feature of CRS, with a particular association with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common congenital heart lesion associated with rubella is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This is due to the teratogenic effects of rubella virus on the developing heart, particularly affecting the ductus arteriosus. The virus can cause persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus, leading to excessive blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow and potential pulmonary hypertension.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** VSD (ventricular septal defect) is not the most common congenital heart lesion associated with rubella. While it is possible for rubella to cause VSD, PDA is the more characteristic and frequent association.
**Option B:** ASD (atrial septal defect) is not typically associated with rubella. ASDs are more commonly seen in other congenital heart disease contexts.
**Option C:** PDA is correct, but it is worth noting that the question asks for "lesions" in the plural form, implying multiple options. While PDA is the most common lesion, it is not the only one. However, among the given options, PDA is the most accurate answer.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Rubella is a preventable cause of congenital heart disease. The rubella vaccine, introduced in the 1960s, has significantly reduced the incidence of CRS and associated congenital heart defects.
**Correct Answer: C. PDA**