CMV causes: March 2013
**Core Concept**
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and a common cause of viral infections worldwide. CMV primarily infects cells with the CD4 receptor, and it has a high affinity for salivary glands, liver, and the placenta.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
CMV infection can lead to a range of clinical manifestations, including congenital CMV infection, which is a leading cause of birth defects. The virus can also cause significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or transplant recipients. CMV infection is characterized by the production of viral particles and the activation of cellular immune responses, including the production of interferon-gamma and the activation of CD8 T cells.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because while CMV can cause a range of clinical manifestations, it is not typically associated with the development of multiple sclerosis.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because while CMV can cause a range of neurological manifestations, it is not typically associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because while CMV can cause a range of congenital abnormalities, it is not typically associated with the development of neural tube defects.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
CMV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, and it is a leading cause of congenital infections. CMV infection can be prevented through the use of antiviral medications and the implementation of strict infection control measures in healthcare settings.
**Correct Answer:** D.