Bacteria implicated in dental caries
**Core Concept**
Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a bacterial infection causing demineralization of tooth enamel. **Streptococcus mutans** is a key bacteria implicated in this process. The underlying principle involves the fermentation of dietary sugars by oral bacteria.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
**Streptococcus mutans** plays a central role in the development of dental caries due to its ability to adhere to tooth surfaces and ferment carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel. This process is facilitated by the **enzyme glucosyltransferase**, which helps in the formation of a sticky biofilm.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because while other bacteria may be present, they are not the primary cause.
**Option B:** Incorrect as it is not specifically linked to dental caries.
**Option D:** Incorrect because, although involved in periodontal disease, it is not the primary bacteria in dental caries.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember, **Streptococcus mutans** is the primary bacteria implicated in dental caries, and its control is crucial for preventing tooth decay. Regular brushing and fluoride use can help mitigate its effects.
**Correct Answer:** D. Streptococcus mutans