**Core Concept**
Angioid streaks are breaks in the Bruch's membrane, a thin layer of connective tissue in the choroid of the eye. This occurs due to the weakening of the membrane, often as a result of systemic conditions or trauma.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The formation of angioid streaks is associated with systemic conditions like pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a genetic disorder affecting elastic fibers in the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system. The weakening of Bruch's membrane leads to the formation of angioid streaks, which can be a hallmark of PXE. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the elastic fibers, leading to their fragmentation and subsequent weakening of the membrane.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as angioid streaks are not typically associated with diabetes mellitus. While diabetes can cause a range of eye problems, including diabetic retinopathy, it is not directly linked to the formation of angioid streaks.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as hypertension is not a direct cause of angioid streaks. While high blood pressure can cause a range of eye problems, including hypertensive retinopathy, it is not typically associated with the formation of angioid streaks.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as senile macular degeneration is a condition affecting the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. While it can cause a range of symptoms, including vision loss, it is not directly linked to the formation of angioid streaks.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Angioid streaks can be a sign of systemic disease, particularly pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). A high index of suspicion is necessary when evaluating patients with angioid streaks, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss.

**Correct Answer: D. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.**