The findings are typical for fetal growth restriction in later term, owing to relative sparing of the fetal brain. The findings suggest uteroplacental insufficiency from an intrinsic placental abnormality. One cause is a cytogenetic abnormality in the developing embryo that occurs just in the trophoblast, and only placenta is affected. Congenital syphilis occurs in the third trimester, when spirochetes can cross the placenta; there is typically placental and fetal hydrops. Inborn errors of metabolism such as galactosemia usually manifest after birth because maternal metabolism clears any intermediate products of fetal enzyme deficiencies. Preeclampsia is marked by maternal hypertension. An Rh incompatibility leads to fetal and placental hydrops. Trisomy 21 is more frequent with advancing maternal age, but in this case no fetal anomalies were noted.