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4351 Pathology

A 5-year-old boy has had diarrhea for a week, averaging six low volume stools per day, which appear mucoid and sometimes blood-tinged. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.4deg C. He has mild lower abdominal tenderness, but no masses. A stool culture is positive for Shigella sonnei. Which of the following microscopic findings would most likely be seen in this child’s colon?

AEpithelial disruption with overlying neutrophilic exudate
BExtensive scarring of lamina propria with stricture formation
CIntranuclear inclusions within small intestinal enterocytes
DMultiple granulomas throughout the colon wall
Pathology
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4352 Pathology

A female infant is born prematurely at 28 weeks’ gestation. Sholy after bih, she shows signs of dyspnea, cyanosis, and tachypnea. She is placed on a ventilator for assisted breathing, and a diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) is made. Which of the following is the cause of this syndrome?

ABronchopulmonary dysplasia
BIntraventricular brain hemorrhage
CLack of fetal pulmonary maturity and deficiency of surfactant
DNecrotizing enterocolitis
Pathology
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