Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited as ?
**Core Concept**
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene, leading to a deficiency of the dystrophin protein. This protein plays a crucial role in maintaining muscle function and structure.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning the mutated gene is located on the X chromosome. Females can be carriers of the mutated gene, and males are more frequently affected since they have only one X chromosome. When a male inherits the mutated gene, he is more likely to express the condition, whereas females have a chance of being asymptomatic carriers.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because DMD is not inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which would require only one copy of the mutated gene to express the condition.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because DMD is not inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which would require an individual to inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the condition.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because DMD is not inherited in a mitochondrial pattern, which would involve mutations in the mitochondrial DNA.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that females can be carriers of the mutated gene and may have a higher risk of transmitting the condition to their offspring. This highlights the importance of genetic counseling for families with a history of DMD.
**Correct Answer: C. DMD is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.**