(Ref: )Transfusion reactions:Category 1: Mild reactionsSignsSymptomsPossible causeImmediate managementUrticaria/rashPruritis (itching)Allergic* Stop transfusion* Assess patient* An antihistamine may be required* Transfusion may be restarted if no other signs/symptoms are present* If signs/symptoms worsen treat as Category 2. Category 2: Moderately severe reactionsSignsSymptomsPossible causeImmediate managementFlushingUrticariaRigorsFeverRestlessnessTachycardiaAnxietyPruritisPalpitationsMild dyspneaHeadacheAllergic (moderately-severe)Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction:-antibodies to white cells or platelets* Antibodies to proteins including IgA* Possible contamination with pyrogens and /or bacteria* Stop transfusion and maintain IV line with NSaline* Contact Medical Officer* Patient may require antihistamine and/or paracetamol* Further investigation and management according to clinical features* If investigation required: complete Transfusion Reaction Form and send blood pack, form and samples to blood bank Category 3: Life-threatening reactionsSignsSymptoms Possible cause Immediate managementRigorsFeverRestlessnessHypotensionTachycardiaDark UrineUnexplained bleeding (DIC)AnxietyChest painPain at infusion siteRespiratory distressLoin/back painHeadacheDyspneaAcute intravascular hemolysis (wrong blood)Bacterial contamination and septic shockFluid overloadAnaphylaxisTransfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)* Stop transfusion and maintain IV line with N.Saline* Contact Medical Officer* Manage immediate needs:- Fluid for hypotension- Oxygen- Adrenaline for anaphylaxis- Diuretic for fluid overload* Complete Transfusion Reaction Form and send blood pack, form and samples to blood bank* Further management according to likely cause">