Gynaecology & Obstetrics

30-year-old G3P2 patient visits an antenatal clinic at 20 weeks. She reveals during history that her first baby was 4.6 kg delivered by cesarean section, second baby was 4-8 kg delivered by c/section. Gynecologists suspect gestational diabetes and orders a GCT. The blood sugar levels after 50 gms of oral glucose are 206 mg/dl and the patient is thus confirmed as a case of gestational diabetes. All of the following are known complications of this condition except: