Which of the following is/are arboviral diseases -a) Japanese encephalitisb) Denguec) Yellow feverd) Hand-foot-mouth diseasee) Rocky montain spotted fever
**Core Concept**
Arboviral diseases are a group of illnesses caused by viruses transmitted primarily through the bite of infected arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks. These diseases are often zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and humans.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Arboviral diseases are characterized by their transmission via arthropod vectors. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, transmitted by the Culex mosquito. Dengue fever is a common arboviral disease, transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. Yellow fever is another significant arboviral disease, transmitted by the same Aedes mosquito. In contrast, hand-foot-mouth disease is a viral illness caused by enteroviruses, not arboviruses, and is primarily spread through fecal-oral contact. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease, not an arboviral disease.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Japanese encephalitis is an arboviral disease, so this option is correct and should be excluded from further analysis.
**Option B:** Dengue is an arboviral disease, so this option is correct and should be excluded from further analysis.
**Option C:** Yellow fever is an arboviral disease, so this option is correct and should be excluded from further analysis.
**Option D:** Hand-foot-mouth disease is a viral illness caused by enteroviruses, not arboviruses, making it an incorrect option.
**Option E:** Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease, not an arboviral disease, making it an incorrect option.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Arboviral diseases are often characterized by their transmission via arthropod vectors and can have significant morbidity and mortality. It is essential to consider the geographic distribution, vector ecology, and clinical presentation when diagnosing and managing arboviral diseases.
**Correct Answer:** B, C.