WHO defines moderate malnutrition as:
**Core Concept**
Moderate malnutrition, also known as wasting or underweight, is a condition characterized by a body mass index (BMI) or weight-for-height that falls below the normal range, but not to the extent of severe malnutrition. This condition is often used as an indicator of nutritional status in populations, especially in children and pregnant women.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines moderate malnutrition as a weight-for-height that is 11% or more below the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards. This definition is based on the anthropometric assessment of weight-for-height, which is a key indicator of nutritional status. Moderate malnutrition is a critical condition that requires attention and intervention to prevent further deterioration and to promote recovery.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option does not specify a clear criterion for moderate malnutrition, making it an unreliable choice.
**Option B:** This option may be incorrect as the WHO definition does not specify a percentage below the median for severe malnutrition.
**Option C:** This option does not provide a specific criterion for moderate malnutrition, making it an incorrect choice.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that moderate malnutrition is a critical condition that requires prompt attention and intervention, as it can lead to further complications, such as stunted growth and development, impaired cognitive function, and increased susceptibility to infections.
**Correct Answer: C. 23% or more below the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards.**