**Question:** White infarcts are seen in all of the following organs, EXCEPT:

A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Liver
D. Kidney

**Core Concept:** White infarcts are ischemic injuries in organs caused by a reduction or absence of blood flow, leading to tissue damage and necrosis. This can occur due to various reasons like embolism, thrombosis, or vasospasm.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Option A (brain) is incorrect because white infarcts can occur in the brain, specifically in the form of ischemic strokes. White infarcts in the brain are called cerebral infarcts and manifest clinically as strokes.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

Option B (heart): White infarcts can affect the heart, but they are typically referred to as myocardial infarctions or heart attacks. These are caused by a reduction in blood flow to cardiac muscle, resulting in necrosis and tissue damage.

Option C (liver): White infarcts can affect the liver, but they are more commonly known as liver infarcts or liver infarctions. These occur due to inadequate blood supply, leading to tissue damage and necrosis.

Option D (kidney): White infarcts can affect the kidney, typically known as renal infarction or renal infarct. Renal infarction occurs when blood flow to the kidney is reduced, causing tissue damage and necrosis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact:** White infarcts can affect various organs, leading to tissue damage and necrosis. Recognizing these infarcts is crucial in diagnosing the underlying cause of ischemia and guiding appropriate management strategies.

**Correct Answer:** **D. Kidney**

White infarcts in the kidney are called renal infarcts or renal infarction. They occur due to inadequate blood supply, which can be caused by various factors, such as embolism, thrombosis, or vasospasm. Recognizing renal infarcts is essential in identifying the cause of renal ischemia and guiding appropriate management strategies.