Which virus is implicated in Burkitt’s lymphoma –
**Core Concept**
Burkitt's lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by rapid cell division and is often associated with a viral infection. The underlying principle being tested is the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma and the role of viral oncogenesis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma. EBV can integrate into the host genome and activate oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. The virus is often detected in tumor cells and is associated with a poor prognosis. EBV's ability to immortalize B cells and activate the NF-κB pathway contributes to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Although human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, it is not implicated in Burkitt's lymphoma.
* **Option B:** Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma, but not Burkitt's lymphoma.
* **Option C:** Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family but is not associated with Burkitt's lymphoma.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Burkitt's lymphoma is a highly aggressive lymphoma that often presents with rapid tumor growth and systemic symptoms. The disease is more common in equatorial Africa and is associated with a high incidence of EBV infection in the population.
**Correct Answer: C. Epstein-Barr virus**