Which one of the following is not true about Turner’s syndrome?
**Core Concept**
Turner's syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome in females, leading to various physical and developmental abnormalities. This condition affects approximately 1 in 2,500 live-born females, and its manifestations can be diverse, ranging from mild to severe.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Turner's syndrome is associated with short stature, delayed puberty, and infertility due to ovarian dysgenesis. Individuals with Turner's syndrome often exhibit distinctive physical features, including a short neck, low-set ears, and a broad chest. The condition also increases the risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, such as bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta. The genetic basis of Turner's syndrome involves the absence or abnormality of one X chromosome, which disrupts the normal development and function of various bodily systems.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not true - Individuals with Turner's syndrome often have a short neck, a characteristic feature of the condition.
**Option B:** Not true - Turner's syndrome is indeed associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities, such as bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta.
**Option C:** Not true - Infertility is a common feature of Turner's syndrome due to ovarian dysgenesis, which impairs the development and function of the ovaries.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Turner's syndrome is often associated with a variety of learning disabilities, including spatial-temporal difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team, including a geneticist, endocrinologist, and psychologist, are crucial for optimizing the quality of life and outcomes for individuals with Turner's syndrome.
**Correct Answer:** D