Which one of the following is False
**Core Concept**
The question pertains to the properties of the commonly used beta-blockers in clinical practice. Beta-blockers are a class of medications that act on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the body, primarily to reduce sympathetic nervous system activity.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is one that does not align with the established pharmacological properties of the mentioned beta-blockers. Typically, beta-blockers are classified based on their receptor selectivity: beta-1 (cardioselective) or beta-2. Cardioselective beta-blockers, such as metoprolol and bisoprolol, primarily affect the heart, whereas non-selective beta-blockers, like propranolol, affect both the heart and the lungs.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The statement might be true or false depending on the specific beta-blocker mentioned. However, if it's a general statement, it's likely false because some beta-blockers are indeed cardioselective.
**Option B:** This statement might be true, as some beta-blockers have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), which means they can stimulate the beta-adrenergic receptors to some extent while also blocking them.
**Option C:** This statement is false because beta-blockers are known to decrease the heart rate and contractility, which can lead to decreased cardiac output.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with severe asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because they can cause bronchoconstriction.
**Correct Answer: C. Beta-blockers decrease the heart rate and contractility, leading to decreased cardiac output.**