Which one of the following is aspirin ?
**Core Concept**
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that acts by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). This inhibition leads to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Aspirin works by acetylating a serine residue in the active site of the COX enzyme, thereby inhibiting its activity. This inhibition specifically targets COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. The reduced prostaglandin production results in decreased inflammation, pain, and fever. Aspirin also has an antiplatelet effect due to its inhibition of COX-1, which is essential for platelet aggregation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not a correct chemical name for aspirin. Aspirin is specifically known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
**Option B:** This option is not a correct chemical name for aspirin. The correct name is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), not acetyl salicylic acid.
**Option C:** This option is not a correct chemical name for aspirin. The correct name is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), not acetyl sulfonic acid.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Aspirin is a classic example of a medication with a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that the difference between the effective dose and the toxic dose is small. Therefore, aspirin should be used with caution, especially in patients with gastrointestinal issues or bleeding disorders.
**Correct Answer:** C.