Which of the following statements is/are false about lathyrism –
**Core Concept**
Lathyrism is a neurolathyrism caused by the consumption of the Lathyrus sativus legume, which contains a toxin that leads to degeneration of the spinal cord and motor neurons. The pathophysiology involves the inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase enzyme, leading to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The consumption of Lathyrus sativus leads to the accumulation of BOAA (β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid), a non-protein amino acid that acts as a glutamate receptor agonist. This results in the overstimulation of glutamate receptors, leading to excitotoxicity and damage to the spinal cord and motor neurons. The inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase enzyme further contributes to the pathogenesis by reducing the synthesis of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Lathyrism is caused by the consumption of Lathyrus odoratus, which is incorrect because Lathyrism is actually caused by Lathyrus sativus.
**Option B:** Lathyrism is a form of lathyrism that affects the peripheral nervous system, which is incorrect because Lathyrism is a neurolathyrism that affects the central nervous system, specifically the spinal cord and motor neurons.
**Option C:** Lathyrism is treatable with anticonvulsants, which is incorrect because there is no established treatment for Lathyrism, and anticonvulsants are not effective in managing the condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that Lathyrism is a preventable condition, and the risk of developing neurolathyrism can be minimized by avoiding the consumption of Lathyrus sativus legumes.
**Correct Answer:** A.