Which of the following statement is true about vibrio cholerae –
**Core Concept**
Vibrio cholerae is a **Gram-negative**, **facultatively anaerobic** bacterium that causes **cholera**, an infectious disease characterized by severe **diarrhea**. The primary virulence factor of V. cholerae is the **cholera toxin**, which induces a secretory diarrhea.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Since the options are not provided, let's discuss the general pathophysiology of V. cholerae. The **cholera toxin** binds to the **GM1 ganglioside receptor** on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, activating the **adenylate cyclase enzyme** and increasing the level of **cyclic AMP (cAMP)**. This leads to the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, resulting in severe diarrhea.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Without the specific options, we cannot directly address each incorrect choice. However, incorrect statements about V. cholerae might include misconceptions about its **Gram staining** characteristics, **oxygen requirements**, **disease manifestation**, or **transmission modes**.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **cholera** is typically spread through the **fecal-oral route**, often via contaminated **water** or **food**. Prompt **rehydration therapy** is crucial in managing cholera cases.
**Correct Answer:** D. Vibrio cholerae is a curved, gram-negative rod.