**Core Concept**
The question is testing the understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical management of acute angle closure glaucoma, a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. It involves the sudden blockage of the trabecular meshwork, leading to a rapid increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor outflow.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Acute angle closure glaucoma is characterized by a sudden increase in IOP, leading to optic nerve damage and potentially causing blindness. The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of this condition, where the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork, resulting in a dramatic increase in IOP. This is often precipitated by factors such as hyperopia, shallow anterior chamber, or the use of medications that dilate the pupils.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This statement is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the pathophysiology of acute angle closure glaucoma. The iris does not simply "move" to block the trabecular meshwork; rather, it is the anatomical shape of the eye and the position of the iris that lead to obstruction.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it implies that cataract formation is a primary cause of acute angle closure glaucoma. While cataracts can be associated with glaucoma, they are not a direct cause of acute angle closure.
**Option C:** This statement is incorrect as it suggests that the condition is primarily caused by an increase in aqueous humor production. In reality, the issue is with the outflow of aqueous humor, not its production.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key risk factor for acute angle closure glaucoma is hyperopia, particularly in individuals with shallow anterior chambers. This is because the increased curvature of the lens can cause the iris to block the trabecular meshwork, leading to a sudden increase in IOP.

**Correct Answer: D.**