**Core Concept**
Corneal dystrophies are a group of rare, inherited disorders characterized by progressive corneal degeneration, leading to vision loss. These conditions affect the corneal structure and function, often resulting in corneal opacity, edema, or neovascularization.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is caused by mutations in the TCF4 gene, leading to the degeneration of the corneal endothelium. This results in corneal edema, which can progress to corneal clouding and vision loss. FECD typically affects older adults and is the most common endothelial dystrophy, but it is less common compared to other corneal dystrophies.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Lattice corneal dystrophy is a relatively common corneal dystrophy caused by mutations in the TGFBI gene. It is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid deposits in the corneal stroma.
**Option B:** Macular corneal dystrophy is a rare corneal dystrophy caused by mutations in the CHST6 gene. It is characterized by the accumulation of keratan sulfate in the corneal stroma.
**Option C:** Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) is a rare corneal dystrophy that affects the corneal endothelium and is often associated with other systemic disorders.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that corneal dystrophies often have a genetic component, and a thorough family history is crucial in diagnosing and managing these conditions.

**Correct Answer:** C.