Which of the following is NOT true of Sturge Weber syndrome?
**Core Concept**
Sturge Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a congenital facial port-wine stain, typically involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and associated with leptomeningeal angiomas and seizures. This syndrome affects the development of the nervous system and is often associated with neurological and ocular abnormalities.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Sturge Weber syndrome is typically unilateral, involving one side of the face and brain, and is often associated with seizures, glaucoma, and intellectual disability. The port-wine stain is usually present at birth and is a hallmark of the condition. The leptomeningeal angiomas can lead to calcifications in the brain, which can be visualized on imaging studies.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because Sturge Weber syndrome is indeed characterized by seizures, which are a result of the leptomeningeal angiomas affecting the brain.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the port-wine stain is a common feature of Sturge Weber syndrome, typically involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because glaucoma is a known complication of Sturge Weber syndrome, particularly if the port-wine stain involves the upper eyelid.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that Sturge Weber syndrome is typically unilateral, and the presence of a port-wine stain should prompt a thorough evaluation for associated neurological and ocular abnormalities.
**Correct Answer: C. Sturge Weber syndrome is typically bilateral.