Which of the following is NOT seen in Parkinsonism: March 2013
**Core Concept**
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability. It results from degeneration of the substantia nigra, a region in the midbrain that produces dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter for motor control.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Parkinsonism is primarily associated with a decrease in dopamine production, leading to an imbalance in the dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems. The degeneration of the substantia nigra results in decreased dopamine release in the striatum, causing the characteristic motor symptoms. The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism, which involves an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option might be a symptom of Parkinsonism, such as tremors or rigidity, but it is not the correct answer since it is indeed seen in Parkinsonism.
**Option B:** This option might be a medication used to treat Parkinsonism, such as levodopa or dopamine agonists, but it is not the correct answer since it is indeed associated with Parkinsonism.
**Option D:** This option is not a symptom or a treatment of Parkinsonism, but rather a condition that is not typically associated with Parkinsonism.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that Parkinsonism is primarily a dopamine deficiency disorder, and treatments typically aim to increase dopamine levels or mimic its effects.
**Correct Answer:** A. Normal sleep pattern