Which of the following is not seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?
**Core Concept**
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that results from prenatal alcohol exposure, leading to a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. The **teratogenic effects** of alcohol on the developing fetus can cause permanent damage. FAS is characterized by distinct facial features, growth deficits, and **neurodevelopmental disorders**.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Since the correct answer is not provided, let's discuss the common features of FAS: **growth retardation**, **craniofacial abnormalities**, and **central nervous system impairment**. These features are typically seen in individuals with FAS.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Without the specific option, it's challenging to provide a detailed explanation. However, common features of FAS include **short palpebral fissures** and **thin upper lip**.
**Option B:** Similarly, without the specific option, it's difficult to provide a detailed explanation. However, **growth deficits** and **cognitive impairment** are common in FAS.
**Option C:** Again, without the specific option, it's challenging to provide a detailed explanation. However, **heart defects** and **skeletal abnormalities** can occur in FAS.
**Option D:** Without the specific option, it's difficult to provide a detailed explanation. However, **hearing and vision problems** can be associated with FAS.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that FAS is a **preventable condition**, and avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy can eliminate the risk of FAS.
**Correct Answer:** D. Normal intelligence