**Core Concept**
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease affecting medium- and large-sized arteries, primarily the renal and internal carotid arteries. It involves abnormal cell growth and remodeling within the arterial wall, leading to stenosis, aneurysm formation, and potential thrombosis.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
FMD is characterized by the presence of medial fibroplasia, intimal fibroplasia, or perimedial fibroplasia. Medial fibroplasia is the most common form, involving the thickening of the medial layer due to the proliferation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen and elastin. This leads to the formation of "string-of-beads" or "corkscrew" lesions on imaging studies. Intimal fibroplasia, on the other hand, involves the thickening of the intimal layer, which can cause luminal narrowing.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as FMD can indeed cause hypertension due to the stenosis of the renal arteries, which can lead to ischemic nephropathy and subsequent hypertension.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect as FMD is more common in women, particularly those between the ages of 30 and 50.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect as FMD can involve any artery, but it is most commonly associated with the renal and internal carotid arteries.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
FMD is often misdiagnosed as atherosclerosis or vasculitis, but it has a distinct pathophysiology and clinical presentation. A "string-of-beads" or "corkscrew" appearance on imaging studies is highly suggestive of FMD.

**Correct Answer: C. FMD can involve any artery.**