Which of the following is FALSE regarding CYSTIC HYGROMA?
**Core Concept**
Cystic hygroma is a type of congenital malformation involving the lymphatic system, specifically affecting the development of the jugular lymphatic sacs. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the neck, resulting in a cystic mass.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cystic hygroma typically presents as a soft, non-tender mass in the posterior triangle of the neck, often associated with lymphedema and skin changes. The condition is usually diagnosed prenatally or in infancy, and its management may involve surgical resection or intralesional sclerotherapy. The pathogenesis of cystic hygroma is related to the failure of lymphatic drainage from the jugular lymphatic sacs, leading to cystic dilatation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Cystic hygroma is indeed associated with Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting females, which is correct.
* **Option B:** Cystic hygroma can be diagnosed prenatally using ultrasonography, which is correct.
* **Option C:** Cystic hygroma can be managed with surgical resection, which is correct.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Cystic hygroma is often associated with other congenital anomalies, particularly those involving the head and neck, such as hemifacial microsomia and cardiac defects. A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and management.
**Correct Answer: D.**