**Core Concept**
The question is testing the student's ability to identify an autosomal dominant disorder, which is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a single gene inherited from one parent. Autosomal dominant disorders occur when a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the condition.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Autosomal dominant disorders follow a specific pattern of inheritance, where the affected individual has a 50% chance of passing the mutated gene to each offspring. This is in contrast to autosomal recessive disorders, where two copies of the mutated gene are required to cause the condition. The correct answer will be a disorder that follows this autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is not an autosomal dominant disorder. Autosomal dominant disorders typically affect multiple generations and have a high penetrance, meaning most individuals with the mutated gene will develop the condition.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is an autosomal recessive disorder, requiring two copies of the mutated gene to cause the condition.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a multifactorial disorder, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Many autosomal dominant disorders have a high penetrance and are associated with a family history of the condition. This is because a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the condition, making it more likely to occur in multiple generations.

**Correct Answer:** C. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, so this option is incorrect.