Which of the following is a common side-effect of Cisplatin –
**Core Concept**
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent that works by inducing DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. This mechanism leads to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, cisplatin also affects normal cells, resulting in various side effects.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with nephrotoxicity, which is a well-documented side effect of cisplatin. Cisplatin causes damage to the renal proximal tubules, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in serum creatinine levels. This nephrotoxicity is thought to be mediated by the formation of platinum-DNA adducts in renal cells, which triggers an inflammatory response and ultimately leads to cell death.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Ototoxicity is a side effect of cisplatin, but it is less common than nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity is caused by damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus.
**Option B:** Myelosuppression is a common side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents, but it is not the most common side effect associated with cisplatin. Myelosuppression occurs due to the inhibition of bone marrow cell division.
**Option C:** Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of many chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin. However, they are not as specific or severe as nephrotoxicity.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To minimize the risk of nephrotoxicity, it is essential to administer adequate hydration and to monitor renal function closely in patients receiving cisplatin. This may involve adjusting the dose or discontinuing the medication if renal impairment occurs.
**Correct Answer:** A. Nephrotoxicity