Which of the following infestations leads to malabsorption?
**Core Concept**
Malabsorption is a condition characterized by the impaired absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. This can be caused by various factors, including infestations that lead to inflammation, damage, or obstruction of the gut.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **Hookworm** (Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus) infestation. Hookworms attach to the intestinal mucosa, causing chronic blood loss, inflammation, and damage to the intestinal lining. This leads to malabsorption of nutrients, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The intestinal wall's ability to absorb nutrients is compromised due to the presence of hookworms, resulting in malabsorption.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) infestation primarily leads to intestinal obstruction, respiratory complications, and eosinophilia, but not malabsorption.
**Option C:** Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) infestation can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, but malabsorption is not a primary consequence.
**Option D:** Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) infestation can lead to rectal prolapse, anal itching, and bloody diarrhea, but malabsorption is not typically associated with this infestation.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Hookworm infestation is a significant public health concern in endemic areas, particularly in children and pregnant women, as it can lead to iron deficiency anemia, growth retardation, and increased susceptibility to other infections.
**Correct Answer:** A. Hookworm infestation.