Which of the following hormonal levels influence the development of benign breast disease?
Correct Answer: Estrogen
Description: Ans is 'a' i.e., Estrogen & 'b' i.e., Progesterone Benign Breast Disease /Nonproliferative Breast Changes (Fibrocystic Changes)* This group includes common morphologic alterations that are often grouped under the term fibrocystic changes.* To the clinician the term might mean "lumpy bumpy" breasts on palpation; to the radiologist, a dense breast with cysts; and to the pathologist, benign histologic findings.* These lesions are termed nonproliferative to indicate that they are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.* There are three principal morphologic changes: (1) cystic change, often with apocrine metaplasia, (2) fibrosis, and (3) adenosis.Etiology/ Pathogenesis:* Hormonal: Responsiveness of breast tissue to monthly changes of estrogen and progesterone play an important role in pathogenesis of benign breast disease. They may be related to excess hormonal stimulation or hypersensitivity of breast tissue.* Clinical factors associated with increased risk of benign breast disease late age at menopause, estrogen replacement therapy, nulliparity, low body mass index and family history of breast cancer.* Clinica factors associated with decreased risk of benign breast disease include high parity, oral contraceptives and physical acitivity. Tamoxifen therapy is associated with 28% reduction in risk of benign breast disease.
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