**Core Concept:** Opioid dependence is a state of physical dependence and tolerance elicited by prolonged and excessive exposure to opioid medications.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist, meaning it binds to opioid receptors and blocks the effects of opioids. In this case, it is used to treat opioid dependence by preventing the euphoric effects of opioids, reducing cravings, and normalizing opioid withdrawal symptoms.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Methadone is a partial opioid agonist and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is used to treat opioid dependence by providing a controlled opioid exposure, reducing cravings, and preventing withdrawal symptoms.
B. Buprenorphine is another opioid antagonist, similar to naltrexone, but it has partial agonist properties as well. It is used for opioid dependence treatment in a similar manner to methadone.
C. Suboxone contains buprenorphine, which is also an opioid partial agonist used for opioid dependence treatment.
D. Morphine is a potent opioid agonist and is not used for treating opioid dependence due to its strong reinforcing properties and potential for addiction.
**Clinical Pearl:** Inducing a state of partial opioid agonism, like with methadone and buprenorphine, is a crucial aspect of managing opioid dependence, as it prevents the severe withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with abrupt opioid cessation.
**Correct Answer:** D. Morphine is not used for treating opioid dependence due to its strong reinforcing properties and potential for addiction.
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