Which of the following drug is used for mass prophylaxis for prevention of meningococcal meningtitis?
Correct Answer: Ciprofloxacin
Description: (A) Ciprofloxacin[Park24-176; Harrison19-1003loPrevention of secondary cases of meningococcal diseaseoOnly prescribe on ad vice from Public Health Doctor. Start prophylaxis ideally within 24 hours of diagnosis of index case.oChemoprophylaxis should be offered to dose contacts of cases irrespective of vaccination status, in the following categories.-Those who have had prolonged close contact with the case in a household type setting during the seven days before onset of illness.-Those who have had transient dose contact with a ease only if they have been directly exposed to large particle droplets/secretions from the respiratory tract of a case around the time of admission to hospital# RECOMMENDED CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS FOR HIGH-RISK CLOSE CONTACTSAgeDoseDurationCautionsRIFAMPICIN:<1 month5mg/kgOral every 12 hrs 2 days >1 month10mg/kgOral every 12 hrs 2 dayNot recommended for use in pregnancyCEFTRIAXONE:<15 years125mgIM single dose >15 years250 mgIM single doseCIPROFLOXACIN>18 years.500 mgOral single doseNot recommended for use in pregnancy Ciprofloxacin (Preferred option including children and pregnancy)Adult 500 mgStatChild 5-12 years 250 mgStatChild under 5 years 30mg/kg up to maximum of 125 mg statRifampicin(if Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated)Adult600mgBD2 daysChild 1-12 years10mg/kgBD2 daysInfants under 12 years5mg/kgBD2 days SCHEDULE FOR ADMINISTERING CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS FOR MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASEDrugAge groupDosageDuration & route of administrationRifampin*Children aged <1 month5mg/kg every 12 hrs2 days, orallyChildren aged 1 month10mg/kg every 12 hrs2 days, orallyAdults600mg every 12 hrs2 days, orallyCiprofloxacin**Adults500 mgSingle dose, orallyCeftriaxoneChildren aged <15 years125 mgSingle dose, IM***CeftriaxoneAdults250 mgSingle dose, IM**** Rifampin is not recommended for pregnant women because the drug is teratogenic in laboratory animals Because the reliability of oral contraceptives may be affected by Rifampin therapy, alternative contraceptive measures should be considered while Rifampin is being administered.** Ciprofloxacin is not generally recommended for persons <18 years of age or for pregnant and lactating women because the drug causes cartilage damage in immature laboratory animals. However, Ciprofloxacin can be used for chemoprophylaxis of children when no acceptable alternative therapy is available.*** Intramuscular.[?]Prevention-People in close contact with patients with meningitis should be treated with antimicrobial prophylaxis using Rifampin (Rifadin), Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride Cipro), or Ceftriaxone sodium (Rocephin).[?]Therapy:-Vaccination for children and at-risk adults should be encouraged to avoid meningitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae.
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