Which of the following cranial nerves are attached to medulla:
**Core Concept**
The **medulla oblongata** is the lowest part of the **brainstem**, connecting the **pons** and the **spinal cord**. It contains the nuclei of several **cranial nerves**. The **cranial nerves** attached to the medulla are responsible for various functions, including swallowing, salivation, and respiration.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The **cranial nerves** attached to the medulla are the **9th (glossopharyngeal)**, **10th (vagus)**, **11th (spinal accessory)**, and **12th (hypoglossal)** nerves. These nerves arise from the medulla and control functions such as swallowing, respiration, and tongue movement. The **nucleus ambiguus** and **dorsal motor nucleus** of the **vagus nerve** are located in the medulla.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because it is not a cranial nerve attached to the medulla.
**Option B:** Incorrect because it is not a cranial nerve attached to the medulla.
**Option C:** Incorrect because it is not a cranial nerve attached to the medulla.
**Option D:** Incorrect because it is not a cranial nerve attached to the medulla.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The **cranial nerves** attached to the medulla are crucial for various vital functions. Damage to these nerves can result in severe respiratory and swallowing difficulties.
**Correct Answer:** Correct Answer: D. 9, 10, 11, 12.